The table above shows Indonesia is rocked by a major volcanic eruption (meaning one that takes a significant number of lives), on average, once every 15-20 years.īesides taking human lives, a volcanic eruption can cause considerable damage to local economies by hurting small and medium enterprises that are involved in tourism, culinary, commercial accommodation, agriculture, plantation, and livestock.Ī positive development is that volcano eruptions take less human lives today (than in the past) due to better volcano observation methods in combination with better organized emergency evacuations. This list only contains major eruptions that led to at least 20 fatalities. Some notable volcanic eruptions in Indonesia's modern history are listed below.
However, usually it does not cause great damage to the environment or cause casualties as most of the active volcanoes are located in isolated regions. There is at least one significant volcano eruption in Indonesia every year. Moreover, it is estimated more than five million people are living (and/or working) within the "danger zone" of a volcano (who need to be evacuated immediately in case of significantly rising activity). Indonesia is estimated to have 129 volcanoes, all carefully observed by the Centre of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation ( Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi), because a number of Indonesian volcanoes show continuous activity. The Eurasian Plate, Pacific Plate and Indo-Australian Plate are three active tectonic plates that cause the subduction zones that form these volcanoes. Indonesia is the country that contains the most active volcanoes of all countries in the world. The weak state of infrastructure and property in combination with the high population density imply that natural disasters in Indonesia may cause more casualties than they should because it will require smaller force to make a building collapse. Meanwhile, in the urban centers of Indonesia, particularly the bigger cities such as Jakarta, Surabaya, Medan and Yogyakarta, there is an extremely high population density. One important remark is that the weak conditions of some of its infrastructure and property - which can be the result of mismanagement, too limited financial resources, the lack of skills or corruption - in fact aggravates the devastating impact of a natural disaster. Lastly, man-made natural disasters (such as forest fires caused by the traditional slash-and-burn culture, particularly on the islands Sumatra and Kalimantan) have far-reaching environmental consequences.
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Tigers learn how to hunt at the first two years of their lives.ĭ. Tigers kill their preys using their teeth.Ĭ. Answer the questions related to the text “Tigers” below.ī. Other people join (19)_ organisations and donate money so that orphaned cubs (whose mother’s have died) can be (20)_ and looked after.ī. Some people (18)_ trying to help by creating reserves for tigers where they are safe, but live naturally and are not locked up. Tigers are in danger of becoming (16)_ because their (17)_ is being destroyed or they are murdered because people want to make medicines from parts of their body. In this time, the cubs will learn how to hunt The cubs (13)_ their mother’s milk for about two months, and then they Tigers give birth to three or four live cubs. In forests and grasslands, where they can have lots of space to mark (11)_
Lots of tigers live in India and some in China. Some (7)_ and slice, and others grind food into small (8)_.
Some of the (6)_ make holes, some hold the meat, A tiger’s teeth are really very good for catching, killing and eating They hunt and eat antelope, wild pigs, and wildĬattle. They are magnificent (2)_ that have huge paws with Read the following text carefully and fill in the blanks with correct answers.
Baca juga : Contoh Report Text tentang Bunga LiliĪ.